Millward highlights the experiences of enslaved Maryland women who negotiated for their own freedom. Basing her research on more than fifteen hundred manumission records and numerous manuscript documents, she skillfully brings together African American social and gender history to provide a new means of using biography as a historical genre. - (Univ of Georgia Press)

Finding Charity’s Folk highlights the experiences of enslaved Maryland women who negotiated for their own freedom, many of whom have been largely lost to historical records. Based on more than fifteen hundred manumission records and numerous manuscript documents from a diversity of archives, Jessica Millward skillfully brings together African American social and gender history to provide a new means of using biography as a historical genre.

Millward opens with a striking discussion about how researching the life of a single enslaved woman, Charity Folks, transforms our understanding of slavery and freedom in Revolutionary America. For African American women such as Folks, freedom, like enslavement, was tied to a bondwoman’s reproductive capacities. Their offspring were used to perpetuate the slave economy. Finding loopholes in the law meant that enslaved women could give birth to and raise free children. For Millward, Folks demonstrates the fluidity of the boundaries between slavery and freedom, which was due largely to the gendered space occupied by enslaved women. The gendering of freedom influenced notions of liberty, equality, and race in what became the new nation and had profound implications for African American women’s future interactions with the state.

JESSICA MILLWARD is an associate professor of history at the University of California, Irvine. - (Univ of Georgia Press)

Finding Charity’s Folk highlights the experiences of enslaved women who negotiated for their own freedom, many of whom have been largely lost to historical records. Based on more than fifteen hundred manumission records and historical documents from a diversity of archives, Jessica Millward's book skillfully brings together African American social and gender history to provide a new means of using biography as a historical genre.

Millward opens with a striking discussion about how researching the life of a single enslaved woman, Charity Folks, transforms our understanding of slavery and freedom in Revolutionary America. For African American women such as Folks, freedom, like enslavement, was tied to a bondwoman’s reproductive capacities. Their offspring were used to perpetuate the slave economy. Yet, finding loopholes in the law meant that enslaved women could give birth to and raise free children. For Millward, Folks demonstrates the fluidity of the boundaries between slavery and freedom, which was due largely to the gendered space occupied by enslaved women. The gendering of freedom influenced notions of liberty, equality, and race in what became the new nation and had profound implications for African American women’s future interactions with the state.

“Digging deeply into the countycourt records of Maryland, the author presents a remarkable picture of how some enslaved women, including Charity Folks, acquired their freedom. In doing so, she broadens our perspective on female slaves, African American family relationships, and free blacks.”

—Loren Schweninger, Elizabeth Rosenthal Professor Emeritus of History, University of North Carolina, Greensboro

“With incredible new sources, Jessica Millward recovers the lives of African American women in rural Maryland, courageously tackling the complexities of emancipation in early America.Finding Charity’s Folk makes an essential contribution to African American women’s history and to the narrative of American freedom.”

—Erica Armstrong Dunbar, University of Delaware

JESSICA MILLWARD is an associate professor of history at the University of California, Irvine.

Cover design: Kaelin Chappell Broaddus

Cover illustration:

Race in the Atlantic World logo

The University of Georgia Press

Athens, Georgia 30602

www.ugapress.org

ISBN (paper) 978-0-8203-4878-0